Ijarah and conventional lease contracts Assignment

Ijarah and conventional lease contracts - Assignment Example The main aim of this research is to give detailed characteristic of conventional leasing system and Ijara, to disclose differences and common features and discuss the variety of options and applications of both(Usmani). â€Å"Ijarah† in the language of banking and finance can have two simple definitions â€Å"hiring† and â€Å"leasing† which are commonly interchangeable, but the origin of that word comes from Arabic ‘ajara’ which means ‘recompensing’ or ‘rewarding’. From the view of the Islamic banking system Ijarah is referred to Islamic contract of leasing of property and equipment, of land to be leased to a client for rental payments or stream payments. From the view of Islamic banking system Ijarah is referred to a certain leasing contract of property and equipment or land which is leased to a client for rental or stream payment(Open to comparison). Ijarah word is to symbolize a contract between the two sides – the lessee and the lessor where the lessor is presented as an owner of a property of any kind and he gives permission to a lessee to make use of the usufructs of the property in question with terms agreed about the leasin g and the rental period. According to the fact that Islamic countries cannot be disconnected with their religion Ijarah contract has gained the permission of the Shari’ah due to several authorities(Nizram): The both parts of the contract are to be provided with certain conditions: they must be able to take responsibilities as well as being in sound mind and having reached the age puberty and the majority age. Secondly, the must not be banned to deal with their property, they need to present stability and stay far from being declared bankrupt or wasteful. Both of the sides should not be under pressure re any kind of compulsion. There are four conditions set up for property: first and foremost property must be owned by a lessor, it has to be available for immediate use, it is supposed to be delivered to the lessee and

Common Inventory System Problems & Solution Essay Example for Free

Common Inventory System Problems Solution Essay Symptoms: Preoccupation with the forecast within the execution time frame. Typically, companies begin altering their forecast management processes when addressing supply chain performance. But this is unwise without understanding the nature of your demand and the root causes of forecast errors. When forecast accuracy is overemphasized, fill rates and inventory turns don’t improve, even when forecast accuracy does. No measure of customer service or inventory turns. Customers must be satisfied on an ongoing basis for a company to achieve long-term sustainability. Yet, inventory managers often have no idea how well customers’ needs are being met. Similarly, without knowing how quickly inventory moves through the value-creation-and-delivery system, a company won’t be able to manage inventory levels. Daily planning is based on a back order report. This is an entirely reactive model. Today’s fast-paced marketplace requires proactive inventory planning to meet current demand. Customers will switch to a competitor if their needs are consistently unmet in the time frame they dictate. Solutions: Mandatory tracking of fill rate and inventory turns for all product lines. Product managers should know these measures at all times. Fill rate should be measured daily, while inventory-turn measures will vary based on sales and production cycles. The important thing is that managers are both tracking and working to improve these rates. Develop realistic forecast-error measures. Developing realistic measures for how much forecast error you can tolerate without a SKU stock-out is essential. Typically, companies estimate plus or minus 10 for this measure, which equals about two days worth of inventory-a miniscule amount considering that companies often have weeks or months worth of inventory. Effective forecast management and inventory planning require accurate data, so accurate forecast error measures are a must. Mistake No. 2: Having unqualified employees manage inventory Symptoms: A sentiment that â€Å"our business is different because (fill in the blank).† Every company has inventory planning challenges, such as variable demand. No business is so different that it would not benefit from strategic  inventory management. Decentralized inventory management. If warehouse managers, office clerks, and other employees without specific inventory-management training are making inventory-management decisions, then it is certain that wasteful inventory is piling up throughout the system. Usually, this model reflects a company with no clear goals or strategy for inventory planning. Lack of formal training program or professional peer interaction. Inventory management is a professional skill that requires upfront and ongoing education. Emphasizing â€Å"buying† over planning. Buyers make purchases, but planners make strategic decisions to meet goals. Thinking of inventory planning from a purely â€Å"buying† point of view means opportunities for improvement and financial benefits will be overlooked—daily. Solutions: Recognize that inventory management requires professional job skills, and hire and train accordingly. Just as a company with hundreds of thousands of free dollars on its balance sheet would hire professional investment advisers, a company with hundreds of thousands of dollars in inventory should have professional inventory managers. Assign accountability for inventory management. Often, companies can’t answer the question, â€Å"Who is in charge of making sure inventory levels support strategic goals?† If no one is, then these inventory planning goals will never be met. TOP 5 SOLUTIONS: 1. Use reorder points on inventory items to keep purchasing streamlined and inventory manageable. Reorder points (otherwise known as min. and max. levels) are the best method for making sure you have the right amount of inventory in your warehouse at all times. If you have too little inventory you could lose out on sales, but if you have too much your cash is tied up in inventory that will not be sold. One of the biggest problems many companies have is managing their cash. A quick way to solve that from an inventory standpoint is by making sure you have set the appropriate reorder points for your business. 2. Spend money on specialized training for mission-critical software. Companies with a lot of inventory spend thousands of dollars on software they need in order to manage and track their items as  they move all over the world. This software manages millions of dollars’ worth of assets. After spending so much money on software, some companies don’t want to spend a f ew thousand dollars extra to buy the specialized training they need to implement the software. This is a big mistake because this software won’t do you any good if you don’t spend a little bit more to learn how to use it. If you try to learn your software on your own you may suffer for months before you learn the basics of how it works. 3. Rearrange the warehouse to set up for picking efficiencies. Sometimes trainers see mistakes that are so obvious you would think they’d be corrected immediately, but warehouse managers may be too distracted to notice them. We often see 100,000-square-foot warehouses that are organized inefficiently. These companies could save themselves large sums of money by making a few changes to where they place their inventory. The items that you sell the most or send out the most should be right next to the shipping dock. This keeps your employees from having to walk all the way across the warehouse to pick them up every time you are going to send them out. As companies grow, sometimes they just randomly put things where there is sp ace. This works for a little while, but as you grow you need to think about efficiency because the minutes that your employees spend driving around the forklift cost you money. 4. Take time to get to know your technology so that you can use all the functionality. Rarely will a company use all of the functionality their software provides. Most of the time there is more that the software can do for you that you haven’t explored. Software companies always hear from their customers about which features they want added to the software when a lot of the time the features are already there. The more features that you use in the software the more effective you can be in managing your inventory. You should either assign someone within the company to learn the software functionality or pay someone to come in and teach it to you. 5. Stop doing yearly physical inventories and move to a more regular, smaller cycle counting and reconciling routine. Businesses used to shut down for a day to a week each year to go into their warehouse and physically count everything to make sure that it matched the information in their software. This practice is mostly outdated because of the amount of time and money it takes. Doing these checks in smaller, more regular cycles keeps a company from having to shut down. We recommend picking one section each day to check  your product levels against the information from your inventory software.

The Nature Of Subsonic Airflow

The Nature Of Subsonic Airflow The nature of subsonic airflow over aerodynamic sections and over the aircraft at large must be considered, including the forces that result from such airflow and the effect these forces have on the aircraft, during steady flight and during manoeuvres. Although there are various kinds of pressure, pilots are mainly concerned with atmospheric pressure. It is one of the basic factors in weather changes, helps to lift an aircraft, and actuates some of the important flight instruments. The pressure of the atmosphere varies with time and location. Due to the changing atmospheric pressure, a standard reference was developed. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established this as a worldwide standard, and it is often referred to as International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or ICAO Standard Atmosphere. Large modern passenger aircraft can weigh in excess of five hundred thousand kilograms when they fly with a full fuel and passenger load, yet this combined mass is lifted into the air with apparent ease. Modern jet fighter aircraft can exceed the speed of sound and are very manoeuvrable. Thrust, drag, lift, and weight are forces that act upon all aircraft in flight. Understanding how these forces work and knowing how to control them with the use of power and flight controls are essential to flight. Task 1 A, The international standard atmosphere is an atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density and viscosity of the earths atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes. ISA model divides the atmosphere into layers. http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/2/26/AtmTempProfile.png/350px-AtmTempProfile.png Atmospheric Layers Figure 1 source= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=international+standard+atmosphere+diagramum=1hl=ensa=Nbiw=1366bih=667tbm=ischtbnid=IWsOmm4pNQN12M:imgrefurl=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Atmospheric_lapse_ratedocid=IVZzKSSCCNR_KMimgurl=http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/2/26/AtmTempProfile.png/350px-AtmTempProfile.pngw=350h=385ei=aImJUMrXNo2Y1AWj04G4Dwzoom=1iact=hcvpx=369vpy=138dur=273hovh=207hovw=188tx=145ty=90sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=137tbnw=125start=0ndsp=19ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:72 Troposphere Troposphere contains about 80% of atmospheres mass 99 % of its water vapour and aerosol. The temperature of the troposphere generally decreases as the altitude increases. The reason for the temperature difference is that the absorption of the suns energy occurs at the top of the atmosphere cooling the Earth, this process maintaining the overall heat balance of the Earth. Stratosphere Stratosphere is the second important layer of the atmosphere. It is separated from troposphere by tropopause. It takes about 12 to 50km of the atmosphere. The temperature increases as the altitude increase. At the top of the stratosphere the thin air may attain temperature close to 0c. this is happening because of the absorption of UV radiation from the sun by the ozone layer. Such a temperature profile creates very stable atmospheric conditions and the stratospheric lacks the air turbulence that is so prevalent in the troposphere. Stratosphere is completely free of clouds and any other forms of weather. This layer is very good for the flights to fly as it is above stormy weather and has strong, steady and horizontal winds. Stratosphere is separated from the mesosphere by the stratopause. Mesosphere This layer is the third highest layer of the atmosphere. This layer takes 50 to 80km above the surface of the Earth. It is separated from the stratosphere by stratopause and from the thermosphere by mesopause. Temperature drops when the altitude increases to about -100. Mesosphere is the coldest of all the layers as it is colder than Antarctica. This layer can freeze water vapour into ice clouds so that when the sunlight hits them you can see it after sunset. It is also the layer where the meteors burns up while entering the Earths atmosphere. Thermosphere Thermosphere is the outer layer of the atmosphere. Mesopause separates mesosphere from thermosphere. In this layer the temperature rise continually to well beyond 1000 The few molecules that are in this layer receives an extraordinary amount of energy from the sun therefore warms up the layer making it hotter. Air temperature however is the measure of the kinetic energy of air molecules, not of the total energy stored by the air so the air is so thin within the thermosphere, such temperature values is not comparable to other layers. Although the temperature is very high we would feel very cold because the total energy of only a few air molecules residing there wouldnt be enough to transfer any heat to our skin. Ionosphere After thermosphere its Ionosphere. This area is full of ionized air extending from 80km above the Earths surface altitudes of 600km and more. Technically Inosphere is not layer.In this region/area the suns energy breaks molecules and atoms of air as the energy is so strong and hot leaving ions and free floating electrons. Ionisation of the air molecules is produced by UV radiation, other radiation from sun and cosmic rays. Ionosphere is the region where aurora appears. B, Source figure 2= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=turbulent+and+laminar+flowum=1hl=ennoj=1tbm=ischtbnid=-FJHlXUJvGV3qM:imgrefurl=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/L/laminar_flow.htmldocid=aHyeoqPiHZRJqMimgurl=http://www.daviddarling.info/images/laminar_flow.jpgw=280h=171ei=LIqJUL2YKcLX0QXjxoBIzoom=1iact=rcdur=364sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=136tbnw=224start=0ndsp=16ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:87tx=89ty=37biw=1366bih=667http://www.daviddarling.info/images/laminar_flow.jpg Laminar flow Turbulent flow Laminar flow is good for aircrafts as there is less drag and much easier to create lift. It is a very smooth and uninterrupted flow of air over the contour of the wings and other parts of an aircraft. Laminar is found at the front of the streamlined body. An air foil is designed for minimum drag and uninterrupted flow of the boundary layer is called a laminar air foil. The pattern of the flow involves of layers. Particles in each layer do not interfere with other particles in the other layer which makes it smooth flowing layers. There is no difference in velocity between the layers. Boundary layers are thinner at the leading edge of the aircraft wing and thicker towards the trailing edge, such boundary has laminar flow in the leading portion and turbulent flow at the trailing portion. There is more drag than laminar. In this flow the direction and velocity changes continuously. Particles move opposite to other particles causing collision which makes turbulence. The trust need to be more counteract the flow of turbulence. Reynolds number is dimensionless quantity associated with the smoothness of flow of air/fluid. At low velocity the flow of a fluid/gas is laminar; the fluid/gas in the layers of laminar flow gives rise to viscosity. As the gas flows more rapidly, it reaches a velocity known as critical velocity. This is when the motion changes from laminar to turbulent. Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow. The coefficient of viscosity of gases increases with increasing temperature. Task2 A, Bernoullis principle As the velocity of the gas increases the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases. The aeroplane gets part of the lift from Bernoullis principles. This principle says that increased air velocity produces. When the Bernoullis principle is applied the fluid has these qualities Fluid flows more smoothly Fluid flows without any swirls(eddies) Fluid flows everywhere through the pipe Fluid has same density everywhere As the fluid passes through a narrow or wide pipe, the velocity and pressure of the fluid vary. As the fluid flows through a narrow pipe the flow quickly. This principle says that fluid flows more quickly through the narrow section, the pressure actually decreases than increasing. Air passes faster over the top of the cambered wing and results in lower pressure. The top of the wing is curved, the air that passes over the top of the wing moves faster because it travels a greater distance in the same amount of time as compared to the air that passes underneath the wing. Lift is created because the air under the wing is slower and exerts higher air pressure so the difference in the pressure creates the lift. Venturi principle An inverse association of gas pressure, velocity of flow, and restriction of passage. This principle states that the pressure drop distal to a restriction can nearly be restored to the pre restriction pressure if there is a dilation of the passage immediately distal to the stenos is, with an angle of divergence not exceeding 15 degrees. In venture tube the area decreases the velocity increases and the pressure decreases, and vice versa as well. So the difference in pressure creates lift. B, Total drag Total drag is the sum of all of the aerodynamic forces which act parallel to, and opposite to, the direction of flight also it is the total resistance to the motion of the aircraft through the air.it is the sum of other drags acting on the aeroplane which are parasite drag and induced drag. Induced drag is the drag created by the vortices at the tip of an aircrafts wing. Induced drag is the drag due to lift. The high pressure underneath the wing causes the airflow at the tips of the wings to curl around from bottom to top in circular ms in a trailing vortex. Induced drag increases in direct proportion to increases in the angle of attack. the circular motion creates a change in the angle of attack near the wing tip which causes an increase in drag. The greater the angle of attack up to the critical angle, the greater the amount of lift developed and the greater the induced drag. parasite drag the parasite drag of a airplane in the cruise configuration primarily of the skin friction, roughness and pressure drag of the major components. There is usually some additional parasite drag due to such things as fuselage upsweep, control surface gaps, base areas and other extraneous items. Since most of the elements that make up the total parasite drag are dependent on Reynolds number and since some are dependent on mach number, it is necessary to specify the conditions under which the parasite drag is to be evaluated. In the method of these notes, the conditions selected are the mach number and the Reynolds number corresponding to the flight condition of interest. This drag comprises skin, form drag and interference drag. Skin friction drag is a friction force between an object and the air through which it is moving produce skin friction drag. Form drag is when the airflow actually separates from the surface, eddies are formed and the streamline flow is disturbed. The turbulent wa ke so formed increase drag this is form drag. Interference drag is caused by flow interference at the wing and other such junctions. This interference leads to the modification of boundary layers and creates a greater pressure difference between the for and after area on the surface concerns. This in turn leads to greater total drag. Fairing or additional fillets are used to streamline these intersections and decrease interference drag. C, Source figure 3= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=profile+drag+and+induced+dragum=1hl=ensa=Xnoj=1tbm=ischtbnid=eSw05QCIXK4Q7M:imgrefurl=http://www.dynamicflight.com/aerodynamics/drag/docid=sfAMOtTI2SixKMimgurl=http://www.dynamicflight.com/aerodynamics/drag/avd.gifw=356h=310ei=a4qJUO3ADYSp0QXWsYGgAQzoom=1iact=rcdur=770sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=159tbnw=178start=0ndsp=25ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:78tx=168ty=69biw=1366bih=667http://www.copters.com/aero/pictures/Fig_2-23.gif Profile drag Induced drag Is the drag incurred from frictional resistance of the blades passing through the air. It doesnt change significantly with an angle of attack of the airfoil section, but increase moderately as airspeed increases. Is the drag incurred as a result of production of lift. Higher angles of attack which produced more lift also produce increased induced drag. In rotary wing aircraft induced drag decreased aircraft airspeed. The induced drag is the portion of the total aerodynamic force which is oriented in the direction opposing the movement of the airfoil. D, Force diagram for an aircraft steady turning E, Vector force diagram

Videogames and Violence Essay -- Violent Games Ethics Morals Essays

Videogames and Violence In 1979 the United States was vehemently attacked by aliens from outer space, an event that was to forever change life on our planet. The release of Space Invaders for the Atari Video Computing System became an instant hit. Kids stopped listening to music, playing sports or going to movies, choosing instead to defend the nation from alien attack, from the safety of their television sets. The success of Space Invaders launched the video game revolution as the demand for personal game consoles soared (Atari). Videogames soon became the preferred leisure activity for children, forcing parents and critics to question the possiblibility of ill effects. With the advent of new technology, parents have even more reason to be concerned today. On October 26th of 2001, Sony released its Playstation 2 game console to the public. It features a 300mhz processor with 32 megabytes of RAM and 42 sound channels. Compare this to Atari's 1.19mhz processor with 4k of ROM and mono sound, and it is easy to conclude that today's systems deliver lifelike sound and graphics. Unfortunately these advancements in technology and gaming quality have been utilized into creating games that more often than not contain highly violent plots, action, and graphics, forcing critics to once again question the ethics behind such games. Three students were killed at a Kentucky high school in 1997 by 14-year-old gunman Michael Carneal. Testimony was given in a Congressional hearing on violence in videogames that Michael's only experience with handguns came from playing video games (Rattiner). On April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold launched an assault on their schoolmates of Columbine High School, murdering 13 and wounding 23 bef... ... and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 78, No. 4, 772-790. April 2000. http://www.apa.org/journals/psp/psp784772.html "Atari Video Gaming System." http://retrogamer.merseyworld.com/atari2.htm Cesarone, Bernard. "Video Games and Children. ERIC Digest." ERIC. 1994 http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed365477.html Cesarone, Bernard. "Video Games: Research, Ratings, Recommendations." ERIC. November 1998. http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed365477.html Choi, Suzanne. "Computer Games and Violence: A Child's Friend or Foe?" University of Calgary http://www.ucalgary.ca/~dabrent/380/webproj/sue.html Rattiner, Marlen. "Video Game Violence." About.com 29 March 2000 http://videogames.about.com/games/videogames/library/weekly/aa032900a.htm

Compare Wal-Mart Essay

1.Compare Wal-Mart. com with Amazon.com. What features do the sites have in common? Which are unique to Wal-Mart? To Amazon.com? Walmart.com and amazon.com have a lot of similarities. Some of the common features between the two include setting up a user account, they both have the shopping cart feature, both these websites have the search bar at the top of the page, they both allow you to sort through products based on price, popularity, relevance, customer review, they both show you a list of items viewed that matched what you searched for, they both have a gift registry, purchases made on the Wal-Mart can either be shipped to your home or to a nearest store either by Wal-mart or by a third party vendor from the marketplace. Amazon too has tie ups with a number of vendors all over the world that you can buy from. Both websites graphically display user reviews for each item. Both websites allow you to track your order. Both sites have the deals of the day. Amazon’s is called today’s deal and Wal-Mart’s is called value of the day. The only thing I found unique about Wal-Mart’s website is that it has a button on the top of the page called ‘weekly ad’ that displays little coupons that users can redeem. Amazon does not have this feature. Another difference between the two websites is their return policy. Wal-Mart has a 90 day return policy whereas Amazon has a 30 day return policy. 2.Will Wal-Mart become the dominant e-tailer in the world, replacing Amazon.com, or will Amazon.com dominate Wal-Mart online? What factors would con- tribute to Wal-Mart’s success in the online market place? What factors would detract from its ability to dominate online sales the way it has been able to dominate physical retail sales in many markets? Currently, Amazon.com offers a much larger and more varied inventory as well as a variety of features and benefits that Walmart.com is unable to match. While Walmart’s retail stores have a huge customer base, many of whom will turn to Walmart.com for convenience, Walmart.com’s inventory is mostly composed only of products that are available in Walmart stores. Meanwhile, Amazon has a vast array of products in virtually every category imaginable, from all over the world. In addition, Amazon has many used items that are available for lower prices, as well as rare, vintage, and antique items that are not part of Walmart’s stock. Amazon also offers an online â€Å"marketplace,† where shoppers can connect with sellers anywhere in the world, compare products  and prices, and sometimes even negotiate with sellers. Much of Walmart’s dominance in the physical retail market is due to its business model of buying in such large bulk quantities that it can offer lower prices to customers, as well as being a one-stop shopping destination; however, because Amazon customers have the ability to comparison shop between Amazon sellers, and because Amazon is able to offer a much larger variety of products, both of Walmart’s advantages are negated. Therefore, it is very unlikely that Walmart.com will ever be able to replace Amazon. 3.Check the shopping aids offered at Wal-Mart. com. compare them with those at Amazon. com. Walmart.com has a searchable database as well as categories that allow customers to browse through their available products. Search results can be sorted by relevance, price, customer rating, best-selling, etc. Customers can create profiles that store their shipping and billing info for convenience, as well as previous order information. Orders can be tracked online. Customers who search for items at Walmart.com are also offered recommendations for other products that might also interest them. Gift cards can be purchase online, and gift card balances can be checked. Walmart.com also offers wedding and baby registry services, as well as a â€Å"Wish List† that can be viewed by others. A â€Å"Value of the Day† is offered to showcase items that are on sale for even lower prices. Free shipping is often available on select purchases. All of these shopping aids are comparable to those on Amazon.com. Walmart.com does offer one shopping aid that Amazon does not have; many items can be shipped to the customer’s nearest Walmart store for free, which can lead to significant savings. 4.What online services can be purchased on Walmart.com? Walmart.com offers the following services online: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Straight Talk No-Contract Phones,† where customers can purchase a pre-paid phone, have it delivered to their address, and activated online or over the phone; †¢Same-Day Photo Pickup,† which allows customers to upload digital photos to Walmart.com, which can then be transferred onto photo prints, mugs, cards, calendars, etc., or even onto posters or faux canvases. Most of these products can then be picked up at the customer’s local store that same day; †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Contact Lenses at Walmart,† which allows customers to enter  their prescription contact lens information and order a variety of brand-name contact lenses at bargain prices; †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Enroll in a Medicare Part D Plan,† a service which helps eligible applicants apply for Medicare, as well as receive discounts at Walmart’s pharmacy; †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Walmart MoneyCenter,† which provides a variety of financial services online, including credit cards, pre-paid deb it cards, money transfers, tax preparation services, and Bluebird, a â€Å"debit and checking alternative† sponsored by American Express that offers many of the same services as traditional banks. In addition, the Walmart Pharmacy offers many services online, including prescription refills and delivery. Walmart also has a Wellness Center that offers health tips and tools online.

The relationship between playing violent video games and childrens aggressive behavior

The relationship between playing violent video games and childrens aggressive behavior This research paper overviews the impact of violent video games on the psychology of children and adolescents. The paper actually entails the discussion of whether video games as well as the violent add-ons of these games have any impact on children’s behavior.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The relationship between playing violent video games and children’s aggressive behavior What do the evidences show? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, it aims to discuss whether children’s behavior becomes aggressive regarding different situations in life upon excessive gaming. For this objective, the research work which is already available from existing sources can be reviewed from and presented in a discussion regarding the subject. Video Games do Cause Aggression in Children’s Behavior The majority of the intellectual circle, which keeps a close watch on media and the violent conte nt that is showed on media, is of the opinion that the media content shown through any type of medium is harmful for the psychological and physiological health of children. These scholars state that video games with violent content are potential threats for the health of children and adolescents as they contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, fear of being harmed and nightmares. They stimulate aggressive behaviour among children by influencing their thought processes and decision-making ability, which leads them to behave in an aggressive manner in certain situations. Moreover, violent video games reduce the pro-social behavior among children, as they tend to stay in isolation and complete solitude. This aggressive behavior is often demonstrated through physical activity, which is directed at causing harm to others (American Academy of Pediatrics). Other scholars and intellectuals, who focus on understanding the changes in the children’s thought proces s while playing violent video games, have observed that children show consistent aggressive behavior in certain situations. Therefore, when children are given regular exposure to the violent content of video games not only they tend to physically harm others with their aggression but also negatively affect their own wellbeing in frustration and agony. The trends that were noticed in most of these research studies concluded that the level of exposure to violent content of media determines the level of aggression showed by the children. This implied that children who had less exposure to the violent video games showed slight aggression in their behavior as compared to those children who were constantly exposed to violent video games (Gentile and Buckley).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another study described the impact of video games on the children’s thinking abili ty by stating that the experience of interacting with the video games and their content is entirely different from listening to calm and good music. These video games have negative impact on the children’s though process and create certain confusion between the real world and contents of the video games. Therefore, this confusion leads to frustration when the children are not able to find out answers to their questions, and in return it results in aggressiveness in their behaviour, which is considered as a major reason for them to act in a supercilious manner (Gentile, Lynch and Linder). Individuals who oppose the idea that video games cause aggression in the children’s behavior are of the view that millions of children and adolescents play video games round the globe but not all of them show aggression in their behavior. Therefore, it is wrong to generalise that video games cause aggression in the children’s behavior. Several researches which can support this a rgument have actually revealed that the majority of children, when exposed to violent video games, do not show any sense of being anxious, panic or anarchic (Olson and Kutner). Another research to support the belief that video games do not cause aggression in the children’s behavior presented findings which suggest that the majority of individuals who committed crimes in the US and UK belonged to the age bracket of 30 to 35 years, and only 10% of the crimes were committed by children aging between 10 to 15 years. This report further suggests that the majority of criminals were addicted to playing violent video games, but children who committed crimes were not regular gamers. This, therefore, implies that their criminal behaviour was not motivated by the influence of games that they had played before committing the crime. Keeping in consideration these results, it is obvious that blaming video games only for causing aggression in children’s behavior is unfair (Olson and Kutner). A report published in 2001 by Shalala stated that the major reasons for children committing crimes are their unstable mental condition and low quality of life they have at their homes either because of the poor economic conditions of their families or weak relationships between their parents, which affected their behavior in one way or another.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The relationship between playing violent video games and children’s aggressive behavior What do the evidences show? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This study is of the view that a small percentage of children commit crimes under the influence of violence and aggression showed in video games, and in fact it is the outcome of moral panic and mental disorders that are leading to higher number of crimes committed by children. The report concluded by stating that blaming video games and media exposure for causing aggression amon g children is distorting the efforts to help children overcome their aggression. By wrongly focusing on the role of games on children’s behavior both the government and childcare organizations are only wasting their resources, which will surely not yield any significant results (Shalala). To further elaborate the opposition to the fact that video games are responsible for causing aggression among children, Christopher wrote in his PhD thesis that the most significant reason for stimulating aggressive behavior among children is depression and association of children with friends who are aggressive and violent. Most of the researchers also highlight that the language and vocabulary which parents use with their children and the antisocial characteristics of a child’s personality do tend to have more serious consequences for the child’s mental health as compared to the violent media content. The review of the literature regarding the topic under discussion leads the author to conclude that there is a need of extensive research on studying the changes in behavioral trends among children when they are exposed to violent content of the video games. Moreover, research is needed to understand the dynamics of the children’s psychology more closely in order to determine whether the violent video games cause aggression among children. In author’s own point of view, it is quite obvious that violent media content is not the only reason for causing aggression among children, but there are several other factors such as family structure, values, norms, and life experiences that could also have negative impact on children’s mental health and behavior. American Academy of Pediatrics. Media Violence. Pediatrics (2009): 2-35.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gentile, Douglas and Katherine Buckley. Violent video games effects on children and adolescents: theory, research and public policy. Research report. MA: Center for the study of violence, 2006. Gentile, Douglas, et al. The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility,aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence 27 (2004): 5-22. Olson, Cheryl K and Lawrence Kutner. Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth about Violent Video Games. NY: Harvard Medical School Center for Mental Health and Media, 2008. Shalala, Donna E. Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeo General. Research Report. NY: National Institute of Mental Health, 2001.

Essay on Microsoft Office and Human Resources

Essay on Microsoft Office and Human Resources Essay on Microsoft Office and Human Resources Human Resources - City of Auburn, Washington Page 1 of 3 HUMAN RESOURCES Job Opportunities Job Title: Office Assistant - Planning Closing Date/Time: Sat. 10/18/14 11:59 PM Pacific Time Salary: $3,549.82 - $4,343.40 Monthly Job Type: Full-Time Location: City Hall: 25 West Main Street Auburn, Washington Print Job Information | Apply Position Details Benefits Supplemental Questions This is semi-routine clerical work with emphasis on customer service, word processing, spreadsheets, data input, filing, and recordkeeping, in support of the Community Development and Public Works Department. Primary Duties: *Prepares written communications in the form of correspondence, reports, forms, fliers, and manuals; enters and retrieves data; creates spreadsheets, presentations, brochures, graphics, and marketing materials. *Anticipates customer needs and provides high priority to customer service and satisfaction; provides outstanding internal customer support within the department, as well as to other City employees and elected officials. *Creates and maintains department electronic word processing and spreadsheet files, backing up and purging them on a regular basis. *Sets up files; completes files; and retrieves documents from the department’s files and City archives; logs and files warranties related to capital projects. *Enters requisitions and processes purchase orders charged to the department General Fund budget. http://agency.governmentjobs.com/auburn/default.cfm?action=viewJob&jobID=985550&... 10/15/2014 Human Resources - City of Auburn, Washington Page 2 of 3 *Assists in preparation, copying, and distribution of a variety of documents, including Council Committee agendas by mail, e-mail, and fa . Assists in mailings, setup, and logistics for community meetings and open houses. * nitiates and maintains project grant files and reporting documentation. * nitiates and maintains files for professional services contracts. *Performs photocopying and arranges for printing of Community Development materials and documents. Public Works * eceives, date stamps, and distributes mail to the appropriate Community Development Works employees. Public *Processes outgoing mail, including certified mail, mail to be delivered overnight or by courier, and PS. *Efficiently operates printers and supplies; coordinates with vendors for the repair of office machinery, as needed. * rders department office supplies and keeps the supply area stocked and organi ed. *Arranges for City vehicles to be taken to Maintenance and perations for maintenance. *Provides customer service by assisting the public and over the telephone, answering inquiries or referring them to the appropriate staff person. * andles messages and complaints from citi ens in a polite and professional manner; determines the nature of the message or complaint and, if it cannot be resolved by the employee, refers it to the appropriate staff member. *Safely operates office equipment at a high level of e pertise; maintains and updates standardi ed forms on the network hardware. * perates a variety of computer programs including, but not limited to, word processing, spreadsheet and database applications, graphics, mailing lists, and utlook to assist departmental activities. * egular, reliable, and punctual attendance. *Due to internal and e ternal customer service needs, the incumbent must be able to work a fulltime schedule, onsite appropriate City worksites . *Attends meeting during the evening hours and on weekends. *Works effectively under pressure and with frequent interruptions. *Completes work and projects in a thorough and timely manner. * nderstands and follows directions from supervisor, posted work rules and procedures. *Communicates clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing; works courteously and

Exploration of Ethics and the Environment

Exploration of Ethics and the Environment Human attitude to this life, this world, and its challenges may be criticized in a number of different ways, and, what is important, it is not actually easy to say that this attitude is correct and appropriate. Many people get used to take all things from this life for granted: they are able to hear, see, and feel just because they are human and have to have all these feelings; they can study, analyze, and earn money because it is an integral part of this life. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploration of Ethics and the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The only thing that people cannot accept and wait with impatience because it just should happen is death. However, in fact, the only thing all people really deserve after they are born is death. Of course, it may sound strange, provocative, and unfair but still death is the only â€Å"thing† that does not choose people in accordance with some crit eria or skills. The theme of death is evaluated in numerous literary and art works, and Don DeLillo’s White Noise is one of the brightest examples of how people are afraid of death, want to postpone it, and, in fact, can do nothing to avoid it. People are always eager to take as much as possible from this life without taking into consideration the necessity to be grateful for all this. However, they usually forget that nature has its own rules and demands, and people should consider its whims. To comprehend better the idea offered by Don DeLillo, it is possible to make use of Aldo Leopold’s The Land Ethics and to comprehend that this story is about survival and respect to nature that provides people with a variety of opportunities to be used, about love that has to be demonstrated in some particular cases, about fear people should have but not be guided by, and about emotions that are inherent to humans and have to be used for good, for safe, and for happiness of our future generations. White Noise as an Attempt to Fight Against the Fear of Death This life is too complicated to comprehend its peculiarities, challenges, and aspects within a short period. Many people try to spend the vast majority of their lives in order to realize what the essence of life is and why there are so many contradictions in this life. White Noise written by Don DeLillo is one of such possibilities to define the main aspects of life by means of evaluation of death as the major life counterpoise. At first, it is possible to see that the author wants to introduce one of the most important elements of human worth and salvation – to fight against the fear of death and to believe that â€Å"there is no death as we know it† (DeLillo 6). However, DeLillo contradicts himself with time and represents a character who cannot imagine this life without this fear and comes to one concrete conclusion: â€Å"What if death is nothing but sound? Electrical noise. You hea r it forever. Sound all around. How awful. Uniform, white† (DeLillo 196). Such attitude proves that people are lost by their nature; they cannot divide the world of madness, confusion, and consumerism from the reality they have the right to live. Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In one of his interviews, DeLillo admits: â€Å"I didn’t have illusion and reality in mind†¦ I’m interested in the way the play forms a kind of unending circular structure – it bends back on itself† (DeLillo and DePietro 23). However, it seems to be a bit difficult to comprehend a true meaning of white noise and its close connection to human life, to nature, and to the functions each part of this world has to perform. This is why it is possible to make use of some additional material that aims at describing main aspects of life and the peculiarities i nherent to it. The work by Aldo Leopold, The Land on Ethics is one of the powerful sources where the evaluation of people’s duties and lives is given from a number of educative perspectives. The Land Ethic and Leopold’s Exploration of Ethics The Land of Ethic is a unique opportunity to define the role of people in respect to nature and its rule. The author is not afraid to underline the supreme power of nature and its possibility to enslave people: he explains that â€Å"land ethic changes the role of Homo sapiens from conqueror of the land-community to plain member and citizen of it. It implies respect for his fellow-members, and also respect for the community as such† (Leopold 533). He underlines the importance of such ethic because its absence or, to be more exact, its lack has a number of negative outcomes. People have a kind of wrong attitude to land and its riches. First, it is necessary to admit that land resources are not eternal, and one day, all these sources may disappear. And when people demonstrate their egocentric nature just in the way of how Jack Gladney did in White Noise, these people may be under a terrible threat to conquer the land and enjoy its resources. But still people are only the consumers who have to follow particular rules, orders, and complete necessary functions. Jack Gladney fails to complete his functions, as it has to be, this is why he become available for challenges, fears, and discontents of this life. â€Å"As people jolted out of reality, we were released from the need to distinguish† (DeLillo 127). People become weak in order to distinguish their fears of dreams and reality, their duties and demands, their weak and strong sides. The main point that scares a lot is that people are blind to distinguish everything in the necessary way, and such work like White Noise is a kind of sarcastic way to explain people their mistakes and help to avoid them in future. Things that Influence Ethic Ethic i n White Noise and ethic in The Land Ethic have a number of similarities: first, the idea of consumerism may be properly explained by means of Leopold’s philosophy, second, the technological progress makes endless duplication possible, third, the role of mass media is crucial indeed for humans and the ways of how people receive and understand information, and finally, the process of industrialization that increases the number of threats people are afraid of but still feel a burning necessity for.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploration of Ethics and the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his work, DeLillo represents American consumerism as a utopia people create for themselves to be enslaved and to be imprisoned. Without even realizing the idea of being caught by personal fears, people deprive themselves of the opportunity for consolation and escape from this nightmare. People truly believe th at the use of technology can help them change this life and immunize them against fears, sufferings, and death. This is probably the most terrible failure because technology is regarded as human fate and a fear to lose the control over personal lives, words, and thoughts that are worsened by empty promises of technological progress. In addition to the technological influence, the impact of mass media has to be mentioned. â€Å"At breakfast, Babette read all our horoscopes aloud, using her storytelling voice† (DeLillo 16). The attention to this fact helps to comprehend that the vast majority of people are under the influence of media and trust it completely to get some kind of assurance about the next several hours. However, at the same time, they blindly trust the idea of industrialization and the possibility to prolong their lives, avoid death, and be ready to numerous challenges around. The result of this dream is dramatic: possible duplication of events, memories, and de tails promotes the idea to repeat everyone day by day so that people lose the idea of reality and cannot define where their life begins and industrialization stops. People overuse the possibilities offered by nature and create unbelievable harm to themselves without even knowing it. This fact is scary, terrible, but true. Conclusion In general, the idea to unite human life and technology is dangerous indeed: people are not always sure about the possibility to control the situation, and, what is worse, people are weak to recognize their disabilities and lack of knowledge. White Noise by Don DeLillo helps to realize that death is not the most terrible and unpredictable event to be afraid of, and The Land Ethic by Aldo Leopold proves that human disrespect to nature and its gifts may be more dangerous for people. Due to their self-confidence and disabilities to define their own mistakes in time, people become the victims of their own achievements and creations. And sometimes it is bett er to think whether death is really so terrible or it is a gift given by nature to save people from themselves. DeLillo, Don. White Noise. New York: Penguin Group, 1986.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More DeLillo, Don and DePierto, Thomas. Conversations with Don DeLillo. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2005. Print. Leopard, Aldo. â€Å"The Land Ethic.† Open Questions: Readings for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Chris Anderson and Lex Runciman. Boston:    Bedford/St. Martain, 2005: 531-546. Print.

Non-Profit Organizations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Non-Profit Organizations - Assignment Example Different types of shares such as equity shares and preference shares may be issued to accumulate the initial capital needed for the creation of the company. Microsoft and Apple are two major publicly-traded companies in the United States. After choosing the type of business (limited-liability company or partnership), the firm’s name should be registered with the local/state government. Then the business concern should acquire the federal tax ID and register with the state revenue agency. Ernst & Young and Deloitte are two non-publicly-traded companies in the US. American Red Cross was established by Clara Barton in 1881after organizing a meeting of 15 people. Currently, the organization has no subsidiaries. The organization invests in marketing campaigns as part of its fundraising efforts. This nonprofit organization acquired $3.4billion and $3.5 billion in revenues for the fiscal years 2013 and 2014 respectively. While analyzing the recent annual reports of the American Red Cross, it seems that the organization maintains a healthy financial status. Amnesty International was founded by Peter Benenson in 1961. It has no subsidiaries. The organization also invests in marketing initiatives in an attempt to raise a sufficient amount of donations. For the fiscal years, 2013 Amnesty International gained revenues of  £24.8m. As the organization has access to potential sources of finance, its financial position is very strong. Microsoft was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. Microsoft has hundreds of subsidiary businesses, and some major subsidiaries include Microsoft Global Finance, Microsoft General Management Company, Microsoft Licensing, and Microsoft PF Holdings. Microsoft’s revenues rose from US$77.85 billion in 2013 to US$86.83 in 2014 although the company’s growth declined in 2014 compared to the previous fiscal year (â€Å"Microsofts global revenue 2002 to 2014†).

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 22

Essay Example The essay, though apparently seems a difficult text for reading, has been established on firm and definite norms and objectives. â€Å"The first paragraph establishes the essays objective: to investigate technology in order to prepare us for a "free relationship" to it. One of the fundamental questions of the essay has to do with how "we†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ currently relate to technology, how we think about it, what we imagine it to be.† (Heidegger: The Question Concerning Technology, hawaii). Thus, in an ultimate evaluation of the essay one finds the worthiness and value of it. An exceptionally remarkable aspect of the essay "The Question Concerning Technology† is that it, more than any scholarly article on the complex questions around culture and technology, has influenced several other writers and thinkers as well as it is formed on the basis of the existing paradigms and scholarly works on the similar topics. Conspicuously, the interest of the author in "The Question Conce rning Technology† falls not on technology or the various forms of it but on an orientation of the readers towards technology. The essay seems to be very relevant and valid to the modern age of technological age as it has been a relevant interpretation of the modern man in relation to the technological advanced universe. Thus, the essay also amounts large scale influence and significance among the modern writers and it has been structured rooting its arguments and thoughts on the terminology of German, Greek, and Latin. For example, we may consider â€Å"episteme,† the first word that is significant to the idea of information that Heidegger explains to the reader. It can be defined, in simple translation, as "knowledge." In an analysis of the influences that informed this significant essay, it is important to note that the interest of the writer was to orient the readers to technology and act as a tool or mediator between the

Global Economy and Transnational Corporations Essay

Global Economy and Transnational Corporations - Essay Example If Reich’s theory is valid, then the role of the government is creating competitiveness for the nation is by being the custodians of the economy as opposed to being just regulators. In this case, the government must seek to develop the national capital through promoting education and through policies. Peter Dicken (2010) however seems to disagree with Reich’s look of the global economy and argues that the global economy can be measured by the way the multinational or transnational firms are operating. He argues that TNC (Transnational Corporations) are the barometers for a global economy. The dilemmas with this theory are that it does not take into attention some factors such as these multinationals do not necessarily pledge their economic allegiance to the nations where they are, but only consider where their best interest is safeguarded. However, it is important in that the presence of a multinational in a country may be an indication of an economy that is doing well. A good example can be seen in China and India which are doing very well economically after so many western multinationals moved their business to these nations. If this theory is valid, then it means that the role of the government is regulatory as opposed to being the custodians of the economy. Alfred Chandler (1977) seems to be in congruence with Peter Dicken. This is because he argues that the world economy is affected by the hierarchy of management in private businesses. This is also contrary to what Robert Reich postured with regard to the wealth of nations, or work of nations. According to Alfred Chandler, the middle management has converted Adam Smith’s invisible hand into a visible hand and now the wealth of nations is not created from the invisible hands that amount from everyone in the economy working together, but that the middle management in firms is the ones who drive the wealth of nations. The advantage of this theory is that it may not explain some situations such as in developing nations where the economy and industries are not as structured as in the developed nations.  Ã‚  

Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counseling - Essay Example The main types are ‘anorexia nervosa and binge-eating and usually develop during adolescence or early adulthood’ (Natl. Inst. Of Mental Health). This disorder usually ‘co-occurs with psychiatric disorders like substance abuse, anxiety disorder and depression’ (American Psychiatric Association 2000). People with anorexia consider themselves as overweight although they are already the opposite. They tend to avoid food and meals, become picky and eat only in small quantities. They constantly check their body weight and engage in weight control techniques like too much exercise or ‘purging by means of vomiting and abuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics’ (American Psychiatric Association 2000). On the other hand, binge-eaters eat until over full, eat large amounts even though not hungry and don’t practice purging so they become overweight for their age and height. Some of the physiological myths about hunger and satiety include a common bel ief that our blood glucose levels affect our hunger and satiety. But research shows that this is untrue because ‘glucose levels remain fairly stable and do not fluctuate often’ (Stier 2009). Also, they say that our energy levels drop along with our blood glucose and this trigger hunger so we should eat again to restore our levels back to the standard energy level.

Answer questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Answer questions - Assignment Example Starting a project requires definition of what the project is required to accomplish. A project starts with an idea them the vision that must be associated with the vision of the business. Project charter acts as the starting point where it established the foundation of the project. This must include the business needs and the deliverables to be executed. All the stipulations must be tied up to roles and responsibilities of the project development team. Human and material resources must be well defined (Goldratt, 1997). Often, an organization must put more efforts in estimation of the cost of the project in the chartering stage. The risks affecting the projects are also considered and their effects to the duration and cost of the project evaluated. The benefits and cost estimates must be supported using consistent approaches which provide realistic estimates for both costs and benefits. The establishment of the vision of a project in accordance with the project charter facilitates the success of the project. The project charter must corresponds to the business case put across to demonstrate that the project is viable and will assist in achieving the financial, employee and customer goals. The project chartering phase allows for establishment of an effective process that identifies and resolves various issues and actions that arise during the project development process. The chartering process forms the first step in execution of Lean project (Leach & Lawrence, 2005). Getting the sponsors and management to sign is normally difficult. Only one person is required in championing the project and passing it around. A good charter must be in a position to offer a written documentation that efficiently approves the launch and the requests of the efforts in project planning. Furthermore, the documentation of the project charter allows for collaboration of the major stakeholders and improves the deliverables. This must fairly represent the views of major

Racial Disparities in Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Racial Disparities in Capital Punishment - Essay Example The study also established that the number of blacks on death row was higher compared to white defendants who had committed similar offenses. Scott (2008, pp 2-6), conducted another study on race and capital punishment in Harris County in the state of Texas, which hold the infamous reputation of being the capital of execution in the United States. The study was in agreement with the Philadelphia findings by establishing that the racial orientation of both the victim and defendant played a crucial factor in a meeting of capital punishments. In the study, Scott (2008, p5) found that the likelihood of imposing a death penalty on black defendant was higher than on white defendant. In addition, a death sentence was more likely to be imposed in cases where a white person was the victim than when the victim was black. Another important finding on race and capital punishments showed that District Attorneys were more racially prejudiced than the jury was (Baldus, et al. 1998, pp1680-89). These studies demonstrate that no matter the objection of legal technocrats, racial disparities exist in a determination of capital punishments in the United States. ` These findings bring to attention the ability of a judicial system to rise above the historical racial prejudices that purported superiority of white people over their black counterparts in the United States. In addition, they have also raised the question of whether the life of a certain race is more valuable than of another. Law courts in different states in the country have been consistently denying that the obvious racial disparities are not sufficient to prove racial biases in each particular case (David, & George 2003). This denial is of particular concern given that many states and federal governments in the US have passed legislation of addressing racial discrimination in employment and other areas such as housing.

Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counseling - Essay Example The main types are ‘anorexia nervosa and binge-eating and usually develop during adolescence or early adulthood’ (Natl. Inst. Of Mental Health). This disorder usually ‘co-occurs with psychiatric disorders like substance abuse, anxiety disorder and depression’ (American Psychiatric Association 2000). People with anorexia consider themselves as overweight although they are already the opposite. They tend to avoid food and meals, become picky and eat only in small quantities. They constantly check their body weight and engage in weight control techniques like too much exercise or ‘purging by means of vomiting and abuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics’ (American Psychiatric Association 2000). On the other hand, binge-eaters eat until over full, eat large amounts even though not hungry and don’t practice purging so they become overweight for their age and height. Some of the physiological myths about hunger and satiety include a common bel ief that our blood glucose levels affect our hunger and satiety. But research shows that this is untrue because ‘glucose levels remain fairly stable and do not fluctuate often’ (Stier 2009). Also, they say that our energy levels drop along with our blood glucose and this trigger hunger so we should eat again to restore our levels back to the standard energy level.

Racial Disparities in Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Racial Disparities in Capital Punishment - Essay Example The study also established that the number of blacks on death row was higher compared to white defendants who had committed similar offenses. Scott (2008, pp 2-6), conducted another study on race and capital punishment in Harris County in the state of Texas, which hold the infamous reputation of being the capital of execution in the United States. The study was in agreement with the Philadelphia findings by establishing that the racial orientation of both the victim and defendant played a crucial factor in a meeting of capital punishments. In the study, Scott (2008, p5) found that the likelihood of imposing a death penalty on black defendant was higher than on white defendant. In addition, a death sentence was more likely to be imposed in cases where a white person was the victim than when the victim was black. Another important finding on race and capital punishments showed that District Attorneys were more racially prejudiced than the jury was (Baldus, et al. 1998, pp1680-89). These studies demonstrate that no matter the objection of legal technocrats, racial disparities exist in a determination of capital punishments in the United States. ` These findings bring to attention the ability of a judicial system to rise above the historical racial prejudices that purported superiority of white people over their black counterparts in the United States. In addition, they have also raised the question of whether the life of a certain race is more valuable than of another. Law courts in different states in the country have been consistently denying that the obvious racial disparities are not sufficient to prove racial biases in each particular case (David, & George 2003). This denial is of particular concern given that many states and federal governments in the US have passed legislation of addressing racial discrimination in employment and other areas such as housing.

The Shape of a Hydrograph Essay Example for Free

The Shape of a Hydrograph Essay The shape of the hydrograph varies according to a number of controlling factors in the drainage basin A number of factors (known as drainage basin controls) influence the way in which a river responds to precipitation and have an effect on the shape of the hydrograph. The size, shape and relief of the basin are important controls. Water takes longer to reach the trunk stream in a large, round basin than in does in a small, narrow one Where gradients are steep, water runs off faster, reaches the river more quickly and causes a steep rising limb. Prolonged heavy rain causes more overland flow than light drizzly rain. Different river catchments produce different shapes of hydrograph. A flashy hydrograph has a short lag time, high peak discharge, and steep rising and falling limbs; a damped hydrograph is the opposite. Urban development is likely to make a river catchment more flashy and prone to flooding, because of rapid runoff from impermeable tarmac surfaces into streams. Hello MAtthew The shape of a hydrograph changes according to a number of controlling factors in the drainage basin. An example is if there is a steeper gradient on the surface at which the water is running of it means that the water runs off faster and eaches the river quicker and causes a steep rise on the graph like on the Hydrograph of River Secton there is lots of discharge, compared to the River Dorth hydrograph at which the slope on the graph is shallower meaning that the surface is gentler. Also areas of permeable rocks and soil allow more infiltration to and so there is less surface runoff which means that the shape of the graph may change. The climate may change the shape of the graph as there is more likely to be more rainfall in winter than in the summer so the shape will be slightly different

Compare And Contrast Piaget And Vygotsky Education Essay

Compare And Contrast Piaget And Vygotsky Education Essay Research into the way a person learns can be explained by looking at the psychological perspective. Cognitive development is concern with the ways in which childrens thinking develops in stages of life to adulthood. One of the most well known researches that can be applied to today is Piaget. This can be compared and contrast to Vygotskys theory however it can contradict against behaviourlist psychologist who say childs knowledge is due to reinforcement or punishment. This essay will compare and contrast Piaget to Vygotsky and the application it has to education, with reference to strength and weaknesses. Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who provided a highly influential theory of cognitive development. Piaget was struck by the fact that younger children gave different answers than other children, not because they were less intelligent but because they were interpreting the questions differently. Piaget saw children as scientists, and the believed they should learn by themselves. Piaget believed that the childs knowledge of the world is organised into schemas, structured patterns of knowledge and action. From birth the child has action schemas, enabling the child to know the world through acting upon it. During the 2nd year, the child begins to think about actions, and mental schemas develop. At all times, the child is motivated to keep their schemas organised, to incorporate new experiences into existing schemas, and to develop new schemas. Piaget considers we are innately programmed to adapt to our environment. Piaget used the term adaptation, to refer to the way the child learns as a result to their encounters and interactions with their environment. Adaptation takes 2 possible forms, Assimilation; this is when the child learns something that readily slots into their existing schemas. Accommodation is when the child has to change their existing schemas in order to take in a new experience. A schema allows an individual to make sense of the world as scheme are experiences, memory and information. This shows that cognitive development in a child is the process of revising knowledge to fit the ideas into this world. Another important point in Piagets theory is the existence of a third functional invariant called equilibration to keep the whole system in balance. Any changes in any part of the system will cause imbalance or disequilibrium. Equilibration keeps assimilation and accommodation in balance. Piaget developed a model of self regulating interaction which showed a link between the natu re of the physical and social environment with the childs cognitive structure. Piagets view is that cognitive development happens in stages, and at each stage the child recognises the way they think. Piaget identified 4 stages of cognitive development. Stage 1 is the sensorimotor stage from birth to 2 years. This is when the child knows the world initially through sensation and action. Piaget studied the sensorimotor phase by observing his own children. There are 2 principle features of this stage. First, those children develop object permanence, the realisation that objects exist permanently even when the child cannot see them. Second, is action schemas, by which the child knows the world through sensation and action, are supplemented and superseded by mental representations. Piaget divided the sensorimotor phase into 6 sub-stages. However, not everyone agreed with Piagets claim about object permanence. Bower (1981) showed that if an object disappeared behind a screen and then the screen was lifted, babies as young as 5 months would show surprise if the object was not there. This suggests that they did except the object to be there. However, the issue is not so much at what age these changes occur, but that they could occur and Bowers evidence merely suggests that Piaget may have underestimated what infants could do. The pre-operational stage (2-7 years) is when the children understand the world through visual appearances and non-logical assumption. From the age of about 2 years, children have mental schemas and can symbolise objects and actions in the mind as representational thought. Thought can be expressed through fantasy, play, language and drawing. Piaget divided the pre-operational Piaget divided the pre-operational stage into 2 sub stages, the preconception stage- from 2-4 years and the intuitive stage- from 4-7 years. In the pre-conceptual phase, childrens grasp of concepts is vague. They may, for example, think that if a dog is small enough it becomes a cat. Egocentrism is perhaps the most serious limitation in pre-operational childrens thinking. Typically, preoperational children said that the scene would look just the same as from their own viewpoint The next stage is the concrete operational stage (7-11 years), the child develops a degree of logic and reason, but is limited to practical problems and specific examples. Children develop mental operations Egocentrism is left behind, children become decentred, and they master principles of classification and class inclusion, and eventually full conversation of volume, number and quality. Their understanding of the world is fact-based and practical rather than theoretical. The last stage is the formal operational stage (11 years), the child achieves mature thinking and is capable of abstract theorising and scientific reasoning therefore they are fully developed by the age of 15. Formal operational adolescents are scientific in their thinking, use abstract logical reasoning and theorising, make hypotheses and test them systematically, and deduce conclusions from premises. At this stage, language plays an important role in thinking, and this means that instruction can play a more direct role than in earlier stages. There are weaknesses to this theory. Piaget underestimated the age at which children could so things- this may be because he failed to distinguish between competence (what a child is capable of doing) and performance (how a child performs on a particular task). Piagets studies tested performance and then he assumed that a child who failed simply lacked underlying cognitive structures, that he believed were needed to succeed on that task. Piaget underplayed the role of language and social factors in cognitive development. In an earlier experiment she found that children who were non-conservers differed in terms of the language they used from children classed as conservers. Non-conservers mainly used absolute rather than comparative terms and single term for different dimensions such as small to mean short, thin, or few. These findings suggest that cognitive and linguistic development is tied together, but which comes first despite many shortcomings, the strengths of Piagets approach and theory should not be overlooked. Piaget produced the first comprehensive theory of childrens cognitive development. The theory has been more extensively developed than any other. It has changed our ideas about children and has had a general influence on educational practice. Like all good theories, it has also generated research. Vygotsky development is a social process which contributes to the cognitive development through social interaction. Vygotsky (1935- 1978) through social interactions with more experienced and knowledgeable member of society parent, teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦- children are able to acquire the knowledge and skills that culture deems to be important. Vygotsky believed that culture teach people how to think as well as what to think as he put a lot of emphasis on practical way of learn and remembering. He used the expression zone of proximal development (ZPD) to express the area between the level of performance a child can learn alone and of which the child can achieve with someone with knowledges help. Vygotsky believed that children cannot be accelerated beyond this zone. Therefore children learn little when left alone to struggle but neither do they learn when someone takes over their task. The term scaffolding can be used to express how a child learns according to Vygotsky. This can be d efined as support frame work for childrens learning. When the child becomes more capable and confident a gradual withdrawal of help with scaffolding is an important aspect. Roger (1990) argue children become better problem solver if they practise solving problems with their parent or more experience children. Vygotsky further believes that language is important; the use of speech influences their cognitive development. In early days, children talk to themselves when playing; this is referred as private speech. Berk (1994) demonstrate that private speech is important as it a child would use it more when doing a difficult task compare to a easier one. Piaget notice this as well and referred to this as egocentric speech, because of the inability at pre school level to think from another perspective, in comparison Vygotsky state children talk to themselves in power to help them with their level of behaviour, and how to reflect and organise their behaviour in certain situation. Like Piaget, Vygotsky believe children are active in their own learning, by exploring their environment which helped shape their own knowledge. Vygotsky theory can be applied to education as it is concern how a child is taught. Vygotsky emphasized that the most important force into a child development was the social environment unlike Piaget theory of development heavily focus on the evolutionary biology. Both psychologists took notice in children pretend playing and becoming roles of people in society. Vygotsky however noticed that pretend play places the children in a zone of proximal development in which the play in advance of their real capabilities as they take the role as doctors, parents, teachers, as pretend play is based on rules. This guide behaviour in these roles, indirect they learn norms of society and how people expect them to act.The main difference between both psychologist is the degree social and interpersonal interaction causes development. Piaget idea had a huge influence on British education. The Ploweden report was an prominent, influential and emphasised many of Piagetian principles such as development age, readiness and the developmental stages. This document was published in 1967 and principles it brought to education was that children should discover for themselves and being active learner. Teachers role if to ask question and provide material to provide the children in state of disequilbration that enable them to modify their schema. Piaget theory suggests child centre learning, as all children mature at different rates, this help create small group activity and different children learn in different way. Vygotskys theory has high implication for education; especially in the recent years as he stresses out the importance of social interaction with more experienced others as an essential, as education was a fundamental aspect of human development. Peer tutoring is a key concept as children learn little when on their own or from a teacher who so advance, but rather with children a year or two ahead of those being taught. This is seen to be scaffolding. The zone of proximal development helps as a guide to help children achieve according to their abilities. Finally as Piaget influences argues children should be active learner, Vygotsky believes children should learn through play, especially through role plays as children operate beyond their usual level of thinking. To conclude, both theories have an effect to education and different ways of learning to a certain extent, however they are both different in a significant way even though there are similarity such as a strong debate between nature and nurture. How this can be seen to an advantage as both theories put together help each other to explain cognitive education biological and environmental influences. As Vygotsky overemphasised the role of social factor, Piaget overestimated the difference between stages.

Anti-Depressants and Teen Suicide Essay -- Teenage Suicide Essays

Abstract Two percent of preteens and five percent of adolescents suffer from depression (www.about-teen-depression.com 2014). There are specific signs and symptoms associated with depression, which are helpful in detection of the illness. There are various ways to treat depression, such as medication, group therapy, and/or herbal supplements. There are pros and cons with each treatment, but the worst coincides with the medication –suicide. Much research has been conducted, which will be discussed in the paper that has shown a link to antidepressants and suicide. However, there is also evidence that the suicide rate could be decreased with proper diagnosis and early, supervised treatment for depression, especially when dealing with children and adolescents. Introduction Depression is the newest epidemic sweeping across the world, affecting adults, teenagers, and even children. In fact, surveys have indicated that one in every five teenagers suffer from clinical depression (NMHA 2004). The illness can be found anywhere and appears to make the news each and every day. Depression is a condition that has no preference in its victims, meaning that it will strike people of all ages, races, and backgrounds. However, research has indicated that the onset of depression is now occurring earlier in life compared to past decades (Klerman and Weissman 1989). Knowing this, depression is a condition that needs to be cured immediately. There are many signs and symptoms commonly associated with depression, although most do vary with each individual. Most symptoms include frequent sadness, feelings of hopelessness, decreased activity, persistent boredom and low energy, social isolation, low self esteem, extreme sensitivity, frequents complaints of illness, poor concentration, and thoughts or expression of suicide (www.focusas.com). In order to be diagnosed as suffering from depression, patients must have 2 or more of the above symptoms for at least two weeks that cause severe distress or interfere with daily life (Zoloft 2001). The specific causes of depression are not known. It is suggested that depression is actually a result of a combination of certain factors, such as biological and psychosocial factors (Kendler 1995, www.surgeongeneral.gov 2004). Most likely, depression is the result of a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (NYU 2004). Thes... ...ent of pharmacotherapies for clinical depression in children and adolescents. Drug Safety. Jan; 20 (1):59-75. Shaffer D, Craft L. 1999. Methods of Adolescent Suicide Prevention. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 60: 70-74. Simon H and Stern T. 2003 – Review. Harvard Medical School. Strober M, Schmidt-Lackner S, Freeman R et al. 1995. Recovery and relapse in adolescents with bipolar affective illness: a five-year naturalistic, prospective follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34(6):724-731. Sullivan, P., Neale, M. C. & Kendler, K. S. 2000. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. 157: 1552-1562. Vanderkooy JD, Kennedy SH, Bagby RM. 2002. Antidepressant side effects in depression patients treated in a naturalistic setting. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 47: 174-180. Wagner KD, Ambrosini P, Rynn M, et al. 2003. Efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. JAMA. 290: 1033-1041. Whittington CJ et al. 2004. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in childhood depression. Lancel. 363: 1341-1345. Zoloft. 2004. . [accessed 21 September 2004].

Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

The novel The Grapes of Wrath is in many ways a one-of-a-kind piece of literature. This work is set up unlike any other book, written in a series of chapters and inter-chapters, which do a amazing job of informing the reader of the travels the characters in the book are going through. Not only does the story focus on the problems one family goes through, but explains the problem is happening to many more people than the story focus's on. Steinbeck does not leave out a single detail about the Joad family and their journey to California, and that in itself is what makes his writing so entertaining. Not only is this a powerful topic to write about, but also the outstanding writing style of author John Steinbeck makes this book a masterpiece. From the intensely vivid descriptions of the land to the true-to-the-heart portrayal of people, Steinbeck makes the words flow right off the pages. The first and most major notability of Steinbeck's style is his lavish descriptions of almost everything he writes about. When Steinbeck writes about an unadorned field he is able to give it the brilliance that it deserves. Instead of just a few acres of dirt, Steinbeck makes the reader aware of the heart and soul of the field. In the first paragraph Steinbeck draws out the situation of the drought and hence, the dustbowl. He explains, "The rain crust broke and the dust lifted up out of the fields and drove gray plumes into the air like sluggish smoke". In this short sentence the reader has an intense picture of this massive amount of dust blowing away. The plot of The Grapes of Wrath is a fairly simple one. The families are moving out of states such as Oklahoma and traveling west because they can no longer make a decent living growing crops. However, if one looks past this simple plot they will find out there is much more then meets the eye. The presence of greed is located throughout the novel; an example of this is located in chapter fifteen when it goes on to explain the different ways the waitress, Mae, acts depending on the financial status of the customer. If she is tending to a truck driver, whom she knows has money, she will put on a show to lure money out of him, but if it is a traveler going down route 66 that act disappears.

Living on Your Own Essay

Living on your own doesn’t seem to be a big deal in the beginning. Despite all the disadvantages of living on your own the benefits of it are far greater. While living on your own you can develop important life skills such as time management and greater responsibility, which will lead to a more mature stage of life. When this stage of life is achieved you can decide what and how you want to live the rest of your life. When it comes to the point of living away from your parents house a big door to freedom is opened up where there is nobody except yourself and a lot of time and things you can play with. Privacy is perhaps one of the most important things you receive when you are living on your own. Coming home from work or school to find there is nobody sitting watching a TV program you do not like or someone trying to force you to eat when you are not hungry. Also there will be nobody there to annoy you with their questions or their whole day in detail on a daily basis. On top of the privacy issue most young people these days are complaining that there is someone pushing on them for their time management. If you are living on your own this problem will virtually cease to exist. You have to decide when the rime comes to do your homework, eat, sleep, go to school or go to work. It seems if you have all that freedom nobody can stop you from doing whatever you want when you want except for you. This is great as long as you manage your time well and don’t just end up partying all the time, but also have time for school and work things will be great. Another great thing about living on your own is that it is very challenging and adventurous. Great opportunities come around every day which you can take advantage of. The best thing about it is even if the opportunity you had fails you don’t feel embarrassed in front of anybody but yourself. It is obviously better when things work out for you and you feel very proud of yourself because you did it by yourself. In conclusion There are many great more advantages to living on your own than  not. By having total freedom, not having people push on you and making your descisions for you and you have the advantage of learning about life on your own. By lving on your own you will face the biggest challenge in your life. It is human nature to strike out on your own and live independently.

Psychosocial Stage Essay

Psychological development is generally accepted as product of the interaction among social and psychological forces which directly affect and shape the personality of every individual (Erikson, 2000). This may also encompass changes in self-control, and prosocial behavior. In relation to this, Erik Erikson established a unifying theory on the social and psychological aspects of human development throughout life span. In his eight developmental stages, each individual should, from infancy to senescence, accomplish psychological tasks in line with his or her social experiences. In addition, his theory, often called as â€Å"the stages of man,† is primarily grounded on the notion that every individual develops self-images through others’ perceptions and his or her own perceptions (Erikson, 2000). Erikson described the development of personality and the process by which an individual acquires societal role and shapes his or her identity. In contrary to Freud’s psychosexual emphasis, Erickson accentuated the development of one’s attitudes, skills, and the sense of responsibility. Further, Erikson argued that individuals undergo the different developmental stages, each with crisis or dilemma, and expected to resolve specific conflict in every stage. Unresolved conflicts in the previous stage will pass on the succeeding stages which impart negative traits in one’s personality (Erikson, 2000). On the other hand, as an individual successfully confronted every developmental crisis, he or she achieves positive traits or psychological attributes. Generativity versus Stagnation Erikson viewed â€Å"development† as a continuous process of facing the complexities of life (Santrock, 2002). A young professional, for example, to ensure success and intimate relations, he or she must perceive and accomplish the task of creating and caring his or her life role or style. Erickson’s 7th stage of psychosocial development, generativity versus stagnation, coincides with the middle adulthood period of humans. As defined by Erikson, generativity is the desire to take an active role in establishing the society and nurturing the youth to ensure the continuity of human generation (Lerner, 2002). In this stage, individuals should develop concern for the next generation in order to prevent personal stagnation (Santrock, 2002). While some individuals accomplish this through active community involvement and participation, some contribute for the welfare of the society through responsible parenthood. In any means, the dynamic that must be attained is the outward shifting from the well-being of one’s self to the consideration and care for the humanity. As such, the strength of care is achieved through creating, parenting, volunteering, and mentoring. For instance, by means of genuine care and concern, the generative religious teachers indoctrinate traditional religious view on development. Generative adults, on the other hand, may take responsibility on the cycle of life by leading and guiding their children in the first five stages of psychosocial development (Santrock, 2002). Meanwhile, a key element of â€Å"generativity versus stagnation† is the continuity of stages and cumulative implications of various experiences in life (Santrock, 2002). The adults’ sense of generativity is stimulated by encouraging and supporting the future of the next generation. However, individuals who fail to bestow the continuity to the next generation may possibly become engorge with his or her personal needs, disregard the needs of other individuals, and eventually become stagnated. Influences on my Personality The psychosocial development constructs of Erickson encompasses every experience of an individual that processes and shapes his or her personality, generativity, and perceptions. These processes are deemed universal; that is, although individuals experience family, social, and cultural life differently, the variations are minor. The minor variations account for other individual variables such as socioeconomic status, age, race, gender, ethnicity, religion, education, and culture (Lerner, 2002). Hence, the psychosocial processes in the middle adulthood show variations on themes but of similar dynamic of change. Erikson outlined these changes in every developmental stage through specific conflicts or tasks that one needs to attend to or resolve. As such in middle adulthood, generativity versus stagnation is the conflict that needs to be resolved. However, as the resolution of conflicts in the early adulthood influences this stage, the outcome in this stage will directly affect the late adulthood period (Lerner, 2002). As well, as individuals are expected to provide inspiration, care, and guidance for the youth, they are also challenged to acquire productive roles for the societal development and continuity. Generativity then should not only be confined in parenting but should stretch out to community involvements through projects, leadership, and commitment. It must be deemed with respect to the manner by which an individual handle his or her relations with his or her family, societal institutions, friends, relatives, and with other individuals. Whereas every social behavior is determined by myriad of factors, the commitment and concern for the welfare of the next generation must be the primary motivation in all those aforementioned social responsibilities and activities (Lerner, 2002). As I learned the middle adulthood psychosocial stage of Erikson, about 35-40 years of ages, I examined the present state of my personality in terms of generativity and stagnation. That is, I assessed my self if I am productive in my field of endeavor and geared towards inspiring and guiding my children and other youngsters and young adults. I became concern with the achievement of generativity for Erikson argued that it is crucial for a positive outlook during midlife. As such, I formulated my developmental goals of preparing my self for my senescence period and caring for and guiding the youngsters for adulthood. However, life experiences in this stage of life are not identical among individuals; some are still single adult while others are happily married or divorced during this period. Generally, the middle adulthood has developmental discontinuity and continuity. In particular, psychological attributes like cognitive functioning may rapidly change while the others such as intelligence and personality may attain stability during midlife (Lachman, 2001). I realized then that in defining life’s success, experiences in midlife have significant roles. During middle adulthood, every individual compensates for and copes with life’s losses which tend to be apparent as senescence life approaches. As revealed by psychological researches, life satisfaction is at its peak in midlife; this is the period of life where subjective happiness and well-being are rated best as compared to other stages of life (Lachman, 2001). Thus, midlife is known as the prime of one’s life, where most middle adults are at the summit of their family and professional careers, and income generation. In addition, middle adults experience a very satisfactory psychological well-being; they have positive outlook in life, autonomy, and aim for both personal and professional growth (Lachman, 2001). They perceived midlife as the period where one should function best. Thus, my consciousness on my work performance, multiple-role playing, and parenting styles were awakened. Nevertheless, at the other extreme of middle adulthood are the midlife crises. Based on psychological reports, middle adulthood is battered by worries in life such as the feelings of individuals of life losses and failures, non-achievement and underachievement, and trivial and non-essential goals (Lachman, 2001). Yet, amidst these crises and as compared to other stages of life, middle adulthood is the period of less depression and higher well-being. In this period, most individuals attained their professional and personal goals. Those who are susceptible to environmental factors, limited resources, and poverty, are at risk to psychological and physical distress (Lachman, 2001). It was then clarified in my mind that during midlife, individuals may either enjoy the fruition of their respective labors or suffer the cumulative deficits of their life due to unresolved conflicts in previous stages. Therefore, middle adulthood, as generativity versus stagnation implies, is not only a period of fulfillment and accomplishment but also a transition period for the past and present events of life basically influence the later life’s transition. Midlife is the stage of life when individuals, more frequently, have already decided for a lifestyle and other social context like vocation, routine, neighborhood, and support network. Thus, I postulated that personality molds the life of an individual, rather than life experiences shapes the personality of an individual. In particular, only specific aspect of personality is altered by dramatic life events during middle adulthood. For example, career or marriage failure, affliction due to mental or physical disorder, and death of a loved one may alter the behavioral trait of an individual which in turn only causes minor shifts in personality but do not reflect in the holistic personality structure. Moreover, the concept of midlife crisis, perceived as inevitable in middle adulthood, was found to be false (Lerner, 2002). Even though midlife is a stage of reflection, increased anxiety, midcourse correction, and unpredictable transformation, researches revealed that during middle adulthood, individuals still undertake the shifting of life perspective from birth until to their last years to live (Lerner, 2002). The nature of an individual’s response to midlife challenges is largely affected by personality attributes and less by the individual’s present developmental stage or chronological age. As proposed, the enduring nature of midlife crisis is possibly related to the capability of an individual to cope with the tragic life events and in the end still considers his or her self as fairly fortunate. In sum, Erikson suggested the importance of finding oneself in another during midlife developmental stage. By merely serving oneself or own family, an individual becomes engorge with his or her personal needs, disregard the needs of other individuals, and eventually ends as stagnated. Hence, I must not confine my self in looking at and working only for the welfare of my family. Bringing up my children into the best that they can be is inadequate contribution for the welfare of the society. I need to acquire the sense of altruism in order to contribute whatever resources I have, actively involve myself to community projects, and to extend whatever support I can give for the welfare of the next generation. In addition, since midlife crisis is inevitable in middle adulthood, I realized that in order to face every travail, empathy and support to others are crucial so as to establish a network support where I can lean on as I resolve any form of midlife crisis. References Erikson, E. H. (2000). The Erik Erikson Reader. Coles, R. Ed. New York: Norton. Santrock, J. W. (2002). Life-span development. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lachman, M. E. (2001). Handbook of Midlife Development. New York: John Wiley. Lerner, R. M. (2002). Concepts and Theories of Human Development, 3rd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.